The IRS has been steadily pushing taxpayers away from paper refund checks and toward electronic payments. In 2026, that push is accelerating — and it is no longer only a nudge: Executive Order 14247 directs Treasury to stop issuing paper checks for federal disbursements, tax refunds included, and the Electronic Refunds rule carries that into the refund process itself.
Why the IRS Wants to Eliminate Paper Checks
The numbers tell the story. The IRS expected roughly 164 million individual tax returns for the 2026 filing season. The vast majority of refunds already go out electronically — about 80% in recent years. But that still leaves tens of millions of paper checks being printed, mailed, and tracked every year.
Paper checks are expensive to produce, slow to deliver, and vulnerable to theft. The executive order puts numbers on it: Treasury checks are 16 times more likely to be reported lost or stolen, returned undeliverable, or altered than an electronic transfer. A paper check sitting in a mailbox is an easy target. A direct deposit hitting a verified bank account is not.
The cost savings are significant too. Processing an electronic payment costs the government a fraction of what it costs to print, mail, and reconcile a paper check. Multiply that by millions of checks and the math is straightforward.
The Timeline
- March 2025: EO 14247 directs Treasury to cease issuing paper checks for federal disbursements — benefits, vendor payments, and tax refunds alike — from September 30, 2025, subject to limited exceptions.
- January 2026: The Electronic Refunds rule applies that policy to refunds, and sets out the exceptions for taxpayers who cannot receive an electronic payment.
- 2026 filing season: Form 1040, the IRS's own tools, and the free filing options all steer toward direct deposit as the default.
Exceptions still exist for taxpayers without access to banking services — see below — but the paper check is no longer the fallback it was.
Paper vs. Direct Deposit: The Speed Gap
The timing difference alone is reason enough to switch:
| Method | Typical Refund Timeline |
|---|
| E-file + direct deposit | 21 days or less |
| E-file + paper check | 4–6 weeks |
| Paper return + paper check | 6–8 weeks (or longer) |
That's a potential difference of 5+ weeks between the fastest and slowest options. If you're expecting a $3,000 refund, that's $3,000 sitting in government hands for over a month longer than necessary.
E-filing with direct deposit also means the IRS acknowledges your return faster, issues your refund faster, and deposits it directly — no waiting for mail delivery, no risk of a lost or stolen check, and no trip to the bank.
How to Set Up Direct Deposit
If you've been receiving paper checks and want to switch, the process is simple.
On Your Tax Return
When filing Form 1040, you'll enter your direct deposit information on lines 35b through 35d:
- Line 35b: Bank routing number (9 digits)
- Line 35c: Account number
- Line 35d: Account type (checking or savings)
If you use tax preparation software (TurboTax, H&R Block, FreeTaxUSA, etc.), the software will prompt you for this information during the filing process. The IRS's own free filing options walk you through direct deposit setup as part of the return.
Splitting Your Refund
You can split your refund across up to three accounts by filing Form 8888 (Allocation of Refund). This is useful if you want to direct part of your refund to savings, part to checking, and part to an IRA or other account.
Verify Your Information
Double-check your routing and account numbers. An incorrect number can delay your refund by weeks while the IRS sorts out the misdirected payment. Your routing number is on the bottom left of your checks; your account number is next to it. Most banking apps also display this information.
What If You Don't Have a Bank Account?
A small but persistent share of U.S. households are unbanked, meaning they don't have a checking or savings account — which is why the Electronic Refunds rule preserves exceptions. The IRS and Treasury Department also offer alternatives:
Treasury-Issued Prepaid Debit Cards
For certain federal payments, the Treasury issues Direct Express prepaid debit cards. These are reloadable cards that receive payments electronically without requiring a traditional bank account.
Retail Reload Networks
Some tax preparation services offer refund-loaded prepaid cards that can be used at retail locations. These typically carry fees but provide an electronic alternative.
Free and Low-Cost Bank Accounts
The Bank On initiative (endorsed by the FDIC) certifies low-cost accounts at participating banks and credit unions — no minimum balance, no overdraft fees, and free direct deposit. If you've avoided traditional banking due to past overdraft issues or fees, these accounts are worth investigating.
The Broader IRS Modernization Picture
Paper check phase-out is one piece of a larger IRS modernization effort that includes:
Free filing options
The IRS's free filing routes — Free File, Free File Fillable Forms, and Direct File — all integrate direct deposit setup into the filing process, making them a one-stop solution for eligible taxpayers.
IRS Direct Pay
For taxpayers who owe money, IRS Direct Pay allows free electronic payments directly from a bank account. No registration required — you authenticate with information from a prior tax return and submit payment. This replaces the need to mail a check with your return.
Online Account and Payment Plans
The IRS online account system lets you view your balance, payment history, and set up installment agreements without calling or mailing forms. If you owe and can't pay in full, you can arrange a monthly payment plan entirely online.
Where's My Refund?
The "Where's My Refund?" tool on IRS.gov (and the IRS2Go mobile app) provides real-time refund status updates. It works for both direct deposit and paper check refunds, but direct deposit recipients get status updates sooner because the process moves faster.
Refund Timing Tips
A few practical points to keep in mind:
- File early: Refunds are processed in the order received. Filing soon after the season opens typically means faster processing than filing close to the April deadline.
- Accuracy matters: Errors on your return (mismatched Social Security numbers, math errors, missing forms) trigger manual review and delay your refund regardless of payment method.
- Earned Income Tax Credit / Additional Child Tax Credit: By law, refunds claiming EITC or ACTC cannot be issued before mid-February — the hold applies to the whole refund, not just the credit — even with e-filing and direct deposit.
- Amended returns: Amended returns (Form 1040-X) take significantly longer — typically 8–12 weeks for electronic and up to 16 weeks for paper-filed amendments.
The Practical Takeaway
If you're still receiving paper refund checks, 2026 is a good year to make the switch. Direct deposit is faster, safer, and increasingly the only path the IRS is investing in improving. The setup takes about 30 seconds during filing. And once your bank information is in the system, it carries forward to future years automatically.
The paper check isn't dead yet — but it's on borrowed time.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute tax advice. Consult a qualified tax professional for guidance specific to your situation.